Border Security & Organized Crime

GS Paper: GS Paper III | Subject: Internal Security

Prelims

(Key facts, data, schemes, laws, organizations — MCQ-ready points)

Gujarat: govt says 362 illegal Bangladeshi immigrants identified in a statewide combing operation; deportation under way (Minister Harsh Sanghavi)
Arunachal Pradesh: "illegal immigration" debate resurfacing; demand to tighten the Inner Line Permit (ILP) regime that regulates entry of non-locals; linked to Chakma-Hajong settlement and PRC (Permanent Resident Certificate) disputes; CM Pema Khandu
ILP: required under Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873 for Arunachal, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur (parts) — a documentary check on non-resident entry

(Analysis, dimensions, significance, critique, policy angles — for 10/15 mark answers)

Twin pressure points: porous India–Bangladesh border (organised human trafficking/document forgery) at source; demographic anxiety in receiving states (Northeast, Gujarat)
Northeast specificity: Demographic change threatens tribal/indigenous identity and land rights → ILP, Sixth Schedule and PRC become security-cum-identity safeguards, not mere bureaucracy
Rights vs. security balance: Deportation must follow due process and avoid wrongful targeting of citizens/linguistic minorities; documentation gaps make verification hard (cf. NRC debate)
Governance fix: Better border management (BSF, smart fencing), genuine document trails (ILP records), and bilateral cooperation with Bangladesh on verification/repatriation
UPSC angle: Border management, illegal migration & internal security, ILP / Sixth Schedule, NRC, India-Bangladesh relations